二硫代苏糖醇/1,4-二硫苏糖醇/DTT/DL- Dithiothreitol

 Description
Application An excellent reagent for maintaining SH groups in reduced state; quantitatively reduces disulfides. DTT is effective in sample buffers for reducing protein disulfide bonds prior to SDS-PAGE. DTT can also be used for reducing the disulfide bridge of the cross-linker N,N′-bis（acryloyl）cystamine to break apart the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel. DTT is less pungent and is less toxic than 2-mercaptoethanol. Typically, a seven fold lower concentration of DTT （100 mM） is needed than is used for 2-mercaptoethanol （5% v/v, 700 mM）.
Other Notes Isolation of RNA using guanidinium salts. Inclusion of a reductant enhances denaturation by breaking intramolecular protein disulfide bonds.1

Properties
grade for molecular biology
product line BioUltra
assay ≥99.5% （RT）
total impurities DNases, none detected
  RNases, none detected
  insoluble matter, passes filter test
  phosphatases, none detected
  proteases, none detected
  ≤0.3% 4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane
pH 4.0-6.5 （25 °C, 0.1 M in H2O）
mp 41-44 °C（lit.）
solubility H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
anion traces sulfate （SO42-）: ≤50 mg/kg
cation traces Al: ≤5 mg/kg
  As: ≤0.5 mg/kg
  Ba: ≤5 mg/kg
  Bi: ≤5 mg/kg
  Ca: ≤10 mg/kg
  Cd: ≤5 mg/kg
  Co: ≤5 mg/kg
  Cr: ≤5 mg/kg
  Cu: ≤5 mg/kg
  Fe: ≤5 mg/kg
  K: ≤50 mg/kg
  Li: ≤5 mg/kg
  Mg: ≤5 mg/kg
  Mn: ≤5 mg/kg
  Mo: ≤5 mg/kg
  Na: ≤100 mg/kg
  Ni: ≤5 mg/kg
  Pb: ≤5 mg/kg
  Sr: ≤5 mg/kg
  Zn: ≤5 mg/kg
λ 0.1 M in H2O
UV absorption λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.400
  λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.100
storage temp. 2-8°C

Safety
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 （US）, Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves
Hazard Codes Xn
Risk Statements 22-36/37/38
Safety Statements 26-36
WGK Germany 3
RTECS EK1610000
Flash Point（F） 235.4 °F
Flash Point（C） 113 °C

References
Cited Reference 1. R.J. MacDonald Meth. Enzymol. 152, 219, （1987） Abstract
reference Cleland, W.W. Biochemistry 3, 480, （1964） Abstract
  Ruegg, U.T., Cleavage of disulfide bonds in proteins. Meth. Enzymol. 47, 111, （1977）
  Sears, D.W., In the investigation of incremental and kinetic reduction in proteins. Biochemistry 16, 2031, （1977）
  MacDonald, R.J., Isolation of RNA using guanidinium salts. Inclusion of a reductant enhances denaturation by breaking intramolecular protein disulfide bonds. Meth. Enzymol. 152, 219, （1987）
  Bacarese-Hamilton, A., Prevents the oxidation of cholecystokinin during its extraction from brain and duodenal tissues. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 448, 571, （1985）
  Jabusch, J.R., In protein sequence analysis. Anal. Biochem. 91, 532, （1978）
Merck Merck 13,3412
Beilstein Beil. 1,III,2360
  Aldrich MSDS 1, 840:C / Corp MSDS 1 （1）, 1483:A / FT-IR 1 （1）, 263:C / FT-IR 2 （1）, 417:D / FT-NMR 1 （1）, 424:A / IR-Spectra （3）, 155:E / IR-Spectra （2）, 139:A / NMR-Reference 2 （1）, 230:B / RegBook 1 （1）, 283:C / Sigma FT-IR 1 （2）, 534:A / Structure Index 1, 38:E:8

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